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Wednesday, June 4, 2014

How to Make a Star with String

How to Make a Star with String

Making string figures is a pastime that kids and adults throughout the world have enjoyed for thousands of years. It's also really fun! If you've made the Cup and Saucer you're just a couple steps away from making the Star!

Steps

  1. Make the Cup and Saucer using a short string loop or a regular size loop that has been doubled.
  2. Hold your hands with fingers pointing up. Look at the center of the figure where the bottom of the cup sits on the saucer. This part is made up of three strings. Two are crossed and go to the near side of the forefingers; the other is on top and loops around the far forefinger/far thumb strings.
  3. Use your little fingers to pick up this top straight string as shown.
  4. Release the strings on your thumbs.
  5. Move your thumbs over the forefinger nooses and pick up the near little finger strings. Allow the loose string to go over the strings you are pulling back with your thumbs.
  6. Release the string noose on your right little finger.
  7. Finished.

    Make a Star with String Step 6.jpg


Tips

  • To determine the correct length of string for your hand size, hold the end of the string between your thumb and against the edge of your palm, then wrap the string loosely around your palm (but not thumb) 8 times. Cut the string and tie or melt the ends together.
  • You can simply tie the string together with a square knot (don't tie a granny knot), then trim off the ends, but eventually you'll want a knotless string loop.
  • Craft stores also have braided nylon string that can be used. Some figures come out best if you use a thin slippery string, and heavy-test braided nylon fishing line works well. A thicker nylon string is also readily available and works well.
  • There are many more string figure games. It is a great pastime and you can find more figures through wikiHow, books, or websites.
  • This is much easier to make with a shorter string loop. You can use whatever string you can find laying about, including yarn, but nylon string works best.

How to Make Baby Food

How to Make Baby Food

If you want to be in complete control of what your baby eats, making baby food instead of buying it is an excellent choice. Food that comes in a jar or pouch is often highly processed and combined with sodium and sugars, plus it's more expensive. When you make baby food at home, you can choose your baby's favorite fruits, vegetables and meats, steam and puree them using a food processor, and freeze them in convenient portions. If nothing but the most nutritious, delicious food will do for your baby, nothing beats making it yourself.

Steps

Picking Out Ingredients

  1. Use fresh produce at peak ripeness. Produce is at its most nutritious and flavorful when it's perfectly ripe. Since you won't be adding sugar and salt to the food, it's important to choose ripe produce - otherwise, it will taste bland. Look for produce that is brightly colored and ripe without being too soft or bruised.[1] Follow individual guides for each type of fruit and vegetable to determine when specific items are ripe.

    Make Sure You Are Giving Your Guinea Pigs the Right Food Step 6.jpg

    • Farmer's markets are great places to find fresh produce at its peak, since they tend to stock only fruits and vegetables that are in season.
    • You can use frozen or canned fruits and vegetables, but it's better to use fresh whenever possible. Frozen and canned fruits and vegetables often have additives to help preserve them. Read the label carefully if you decide to buy frozen or canned vegetables.
  2. Choose organic produce when possible. Many fresh fruits and vegetables are treated with pesticides and other chemicals before they are harvested. If possible, shop in the organic section of your supermarket so you can be sure the food you make for your baby is chemical-free.

    Make Sure You Are Giving Your Guinea Pigs the Right Food Step 2.jpg

    • Some fruits and vegetables are more apt to become contaminated by fruits and vegetables than others. For example, apples are treated with more pesticides than any other produce, so you may want to go out of your way to buy organic apples.[2] Avocados, on the other hand, aren't treated with as many pesticides.

      Make Baby Food Step 2Bullet1.jpg

  3. Know which foods your baby can eat. Some babies are ready to start eating solid food as early as 4 months old, while others aren't quite ready that early. Talk to your pediatrician about starting your child on solid foods. When your baby is ready, the transition should be slow; introduce just a few foods at once.
    • Babies transitioning from a diet of breast milk or formula-only can have pureed fruits and vegetables, like banana, squash, sweet potatoes, and applies.[3]

      Make Sure You Are Giving Your Guinea Pigs the Right Food Step 3.jpg

    • Babies who have eaten some solid foods and are between the ages of 4 and 8 months can have pureed or strained vegetables and fruits, meats, legumes, and cereals.[4]

      Make Baby Food Step 3Bullet2.jpg

    • Talk to your doctor about when to introduce mashed foods and finger foods to your baby's diet. It's important to do so only after the baby has developed certain skills.[5]

      Make Baby Food Step 3Bullet3.jpg

  4. Know which foods babies shouldn't consume. Babies under one year of age should not be fed certain foods, since they can cause allergies and other illnesses. Never feed a baby these types of foods until after he or she has reached one year of age:[6]

    Make Baby Food Step 4 Version 2.jpg

    • Dairy products made from unpasteurized milk
    • Honey
    • Outdated canned food
    • Home-canned food
    • Food from dented cans

Preparing Baby Food

  1. Wash and peel the produce. Use a scrubber to scrub the skin of the vegetables and fruits, especially if it isn't organic. Make sure to wash off any dirt or grit. If the vegetable or fruit has a peel, use a peeler to remove it, since tough skins are difficult for a baby to eat.

    Make Baby Food Step 5 Version 2.jpg

  2. Chop the produce into 1-inch pieces. Since you're going to steam the produce, you'll need to chop it into equal-sized pieces so that it will steam efficiently and evenly. Chop squash, sweet potatoes, applies, or whatever type of produce you have using a sharp knife.

    Make Baby Food Step 6 Version 2.jpg

    • Bananas and other very soft foods don't need to be steamed before you puree them.
    • Be sure to use clean cutting boards and knives. If you're processing more than one kind of food, wash the cutting board and knife with hot, soapy water in between foods.
  3. Steam the food. Place the food pieces in a steamer basket. Add a few inches of water to a large stockpot. Cover the pot and place it on the stove over medium high heat. Remove the pot from heat once the food pieces are soft, after 5 - 10 minutes.

    Make Baby Food Step 7.jpg

    • Use a clean fork to test the food pieces to see if they are soft.
    • Steam the food to a softer texture than you'd normally do for yourself, since it should be completely smooth once you puree it.
    • Only use water to steam the produce; don't add butter, salt, sugar, or any other ingredients unless you're sure your baby can digest them.
  4. Puree the food in a food processor. Place the soft food pieces in a food processor and process them until completely smooth. If you don't have a food processor, you can use blender, food grinder, or a potato masher.

    Make Baby Food Step 8.jpg


    • Be sure no chunks of food remain if your baby is under 6 months old. Older babies may be ready for mashed, rather than pureed, food. Clear this with your doctor before deciding how much to process the food.

      Make Baby Food Step 8Bullet1.jpg


  5. Cook meat to the correct internal temperature before pureeing. If you're preparing meat, chicken or fish for an older baby, be sure to cook it to the correct internal temperature to kill bacteria. Use a meat thermometer to be sure. Meat should reach an internal temperature of 160 degrees F, chicken should reach 165 degrees F, and fish should reach 145 degrees F.

    Make Baby Food Step 9.jpg

    • Cooked meat may be pureed just like any other food. You can mix it with tomatoes or another savory produce item.
  6. Strain the baby food through a fine mesh strainer to eliminate any solids. This final step will ensure the texture of the food is appropriate for your baby's system.

    Make Baby Food Step 10.jpg

Storing and Reheating Baby Food

  1. Store the baby food in clean glass jars. Portion it into jars with tight-sealing lids to ensure the food stays fresh and doesn't get contaminated. Store it in the refrigerator for up to 2 days before using (1 day for meat and fish).[7]

    Make Baby Food Step 11.jpg

    • If you're storing food in the freezer, be sure to use freezer-safe containers. Baby food may be kept in the freezer for up to 1 month.
    • Always label the food with the type of food and the date you processed it.
  2. Reheat frozen baby food thoroughly. It should be completely reheated to an internal temperature of 165 degrees F.
    • Don't defrost baby food at room temperature. This may allow bacteria to grow. It's safer to actually heat the food before serving.

Tips

  • Fruits puree and blend much smoother and easier If they have been warmed even a little bit before blended. Consider putting the fruit in a microwave or oven for a very small amount of time before blending.
  • Baby food freezes nicely. Spoon pureed baby food into ice-cube trays that have been sprayed with a non-stick spray and freeze. Once solid remove and wrap individually in plastic wrap and place into freezer bags. Unwrap and microwave (gently) as needed.

Warnings

  • (Caution: if food is too hot or too much is placed in the appliance pressure from the heat will build, blowing the top off the appliance causing burns and a horrible mess, never leave the appliance unattended).

How to Make a Pie Crust Ahead of Time

How to Make a Pie Crust Ahead of Time

Making pies can be a very time consuming project. If you can make part of it ahead of time, you can make it a lot easier on yourself. This recipe will can be made ahead of time and frozen or refrigerated.

Ingredients

  • 4 cups (500g) flour
  • 1 tablespoon sugar
  • 1 egg
  • 1 tablespoon vinegar
  • 2 teaspoons salt
  • 1 3/4 cups (360g) butter
  • 1/2 cup (120 ml) water

Steps

  1. Mix flour, salt and sugar together.

    Make a Pie Crust Ahead of Time Step 1.jpg

  2. Blend in the butter.

    Make a Pie Crust Ahead of Time Step 2.jpg

  3. Mix together egg, water and vinegar.

    Make a Pie Crust Ahead of Time Step 3.jpg

  4. Add to butter mixture.
  5. Divide into 4 portions.

    Make a Pie Crust Ahead of Time Step 5.jpg

  6. Refrigerate 30 minutes before using.

    Make a Pie Crust Ahead of Time Step 6.jpg

    • Freeze the dough if you want to preserve it for later. You may freeze balls of dough.
    • Don't refrigerate if freezing.
  7. To thaw, take out of freezer for a couple of hours then roll out for pie.

    Make a Pie Crust Ahead of Time Step 9.jpg

  8. Finished.

    Make a Pie Crust Ahead of Time Intro.jpg


Things You'll Need

  • Bowl
  • Plastic wrap

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